VOLUME TWO Part Four
JUNE 2000
VOLUME TWO Part Four
JUNE 2000
| Solitons-Solitary Wave Packets Solitons are waves which move like particles along a conductor. An example is the ocean wave which moves through the water-air interface without dissipating much of its energy and reverbrates around the globe for an extended time without loosing its shape. This is in part due to the physical arrangement of the water molecules at the interface. This arrangement of water molecules is due to hydrogen bonding between the relatively (+) hydrogens and the relatively (-) oxygen atoms. Thus the normal "liquid crystal" effect of the hydrogen bonding in water is greatly accentuated and strengthened at the water-air interface. This strengthened bonding arrangement of molecules is quite linear and accounts for the high surface tension of water. In living systems, such waves occur along protein and lipid chains and more importantly, along the membrane bilayer architecture of cellular components. The same hydrogen bonding interactions, which occur at very small distances between molecules, are found in protein and lipid molecules between the relatively (+) hydrogens and the relatively(-) regions of the molecules. In addition to these, van der Waal's forces(which also occur at very small distances between molecules) between the various (+) and (-) regions of the molecules contribute to the overall effect of coherence. In solids, forces of coherence hold substances together. If the solid is crushed, the structure is not able to be restored by simply pushing the components together. The distance of the fracture point is too great and too coarse. In proteins and lipids, these compounds separate and combined many times a second with impunity. This is a natural state and phenomenon. Their coherence is due to the overall structure of the molecules in space and the interactions of the hydrogen bonds and the van der Waal's forces, which the linear structure of the molecule imparts. This allows both fluidity and coherence without rigidity. The protein and lipid chain systems along which solitons move are comparable to the Lecher lines known from electrical engineering, named after the Austrian physicist E. Lecher(1856-1926). They consist of two wires run parallel in such a way that a high frequency voltage wave arises along the system between the wires. The wires have a natural frequency determined by their length. A similar system exists in the protein and lipid chains. If an external signal is allowed to act on the chain conductor, whose frequency coincides with the natural resonance of the chain, a resonance is produced and the chain passes the siganl on. The relatively weak forces of coherence in the protein and lipid chains can be overcome by external forces. If the signal has too great a field strength, the coherence interactions in the proteins and lipids are interrupted at one or more places, and a block arises in the transporting properties of the chain conductor. The chains regain coherence but the signal is lost. The chain conductor can only pass on a resonant signal if the signal is of a field strength to cause resonance but not cause loss of coherence. This precise range of coincidence of signal intensity and forces of coherence in the chains is known as the "Adey" window. R. Adey in California discovered in experiments on the brain cells of chicks that they respond not only selectively to a quite specific frequency(approximately 10 Hz) but do so only at a quite specific, very weak intensity. Weak signals are received and passed on with a positive effect by such a system while the signals which are too strong are not, they block themselves. This helps us to understand that the claim of "if strong signals are not effective, weak ones certainly cannot be" is incorrect for the systems considered here. This is an exceedingly crucial point to comprehend! Electrically charged particles must be present in the conductors for it to be possible for electromagnetic waves to be passed on. In the case of tissue paths it is the electron pairs known as "Cooper Pairs". For a description, go to Superconductivity Explained and Introduction to Organic Metals. In the complex system of conductors in the organism, signals are able to travel along as particles like the solitons described above. In the case of superconduction in the protein and lipid chains, Cooper Pairs play a role with the two electrons oscillating in relation to one another while being passed along the electron cloud of the molecular structure. Solitons behave as scalar waves along the chains. Scalar waves are electro-acoustic waves. Since the electrons oscillate in relation to each other, they behave as sound waves with compression processes. Electrons have opposite spins in such a system and as a result, the electromagnetic fields cancel each other out. They also have a number of other remarkable properties which will not be detailed here. However, they make it possible for signals to be passed on without interference frequencies, without thermal noise, i.e., superconduction. If a signal encounters a protein or lipid chain and does not break up the forces of coherence, it is passed on with the aid of these electrons and information is passed on as phase modulation. Signal transport in living systems thus takes place in both the nervous system and in the protein and lipid chains in the tissues through the soliton effect, the frequency of which may lie in the range of light as shown by the research of Popp. Solitons propagate more slowly than sound in tissue, and thus can be distinguished from sound conduction by measurements. The velocity of nerve conduction has long been characterized. A block in conduction may be created in various ways: through external electromagnetic fields, through addition of harmful substances in the tissue or by scarification. Thus man can not be understood only in substantive terms, but must include such physical phenomena as photons, solitons, phonons, etc.
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